Excludes1 pair

M08.1 vs M45-

M08.1 and M45 are not coded together. ICD-10-CM declares them mutually exclusive with an Excludes1 note — the two conditions are not expected to occur together, so exactly one of them is normally correct for a given encounter. The Official Guidelines carve out one exception: if the two conditions are clearly unrelated to each other, both may be reported.

The official note, declared on M08.1
ankylosing spondylitis in adults (M45.0-)
M08.1

Juvenile ankylosing spondylitis

Billable
Chapter 13
Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue
Section
M05-M14
Indexed under
  • Spondylitis › juvenile ankylosing (chronic)
  • Spondylitis › ankylosing › juvenile
M45

Ankylosing spondylitis

Not billable
Chapter 13
Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue
Section
M45-M49
Use when the record says
  • Rheumatoid arthritis of spine

Excludes1 is not always absolute: where two conditions covered by the note are genuinely unrelated, CMS guidance permits reporting both. Document the reasoning rather than assuming it. More on Excludes1 vs Excludes2 · FY2027